Rajaji believed that the individual was part of society and must make his contribution to social life. In 1917 he becamePresident of the Municipal Council in Salem. No sooner, did he become President than the work of the local body got a new impetus. He started adult education classes and also night schools for factory workers. Schools for Harijans were also opened. Rajaji appointed a committee to prepare a glossary (list of difficult words) in Tamil so those science subjects could be taught in that language. He also drew up a plan for the supply of water to Harijans. A Master plan for the development of Salem was also formulated.

Rajaji did much to better the lot of the Harijans. When he admitted Harijan students into a hostel, even some elders whom he respected very much opposed him. But Rajaji did not relent or retreat.